Number of words: 225 The programmed school puts an emphasis on the learner rather than the teacher. The learner is kept active by the feedback provided. While it can be quite helpful to the student in the earlier stages it becomes less so later. By omitting sections which have already been mastered, the bright student … Read more

Number of words: 339 Despite certain obvious advantages, competitive examinations, like competitive sport, have destroyed so much that is potentially good and the return to the individual and to society for this loss has been questionable and meagre. If this principle is accepted then the present curriculum will need radical restructuring. The present vocational biased … Read more

Number of words: 495 A common complaint in educational circles regarding the non-performance of students in school relates to generation gap. It is difficult to capture the attention of the student today and to persuade him towards the goal, when he is interested towards other fields and when he appears to feel no relevance to … Read more

Number of words: 145 The present examination system encourages passivity, merely following the orders of instruction without questioning and thus increasing intellectual and emotional dependence rather than self-motivation, curiosity and self-assurance. There is no training for active leadership in occupational environments. Individualism prevents the ordering of responsible attitudes towards others and society. It is thought … Read more

Number of words: 320 The use of objective type and short answer questions answers, doubtless, reduce the importance of language in testing, but whether in the long run they will provide more than the immediate gains of alerting recall and understanding, remains conjectural. That can be moved to multiple choice questions with the test maker … Read more

Number of words: 263 In India a school is a veritable tower of Babel, with teachers and pupils speaking different languages. The language problem, perhaps more than any other, has been responsible for the confusion and lack of direction and conflict that characterizes the school system. Part of this problem is the question of what … Read more

Number of words: 369 Middle class children, even as young as three years, talk about their surroundings in a cause and effect fashion, lower class children speak only concretely of their approaches to objects and situations. A role play type of conversation can therefore be very helpful for a slum child to become richer and … Read more

Number of words: 216 The working class speaks a language more useful for descriptive concepts, while the middle class goes beyond the public language, and speaks a language that facilitates verbal elaboration and the possibility of more abstract thought. Bernstein found that working-class youth did better on non-verbal intelligence tests and this difference was not … Read more

Number of words: 201 A word is not a coin which, in anyone’s hand, does not change its value. We have no more reason to say that a man uses a reach in taking the offered glass. But there is also a sense in which we use words. So, when a question is asked, there … Read more

Number of words: 753 Parents stimulate their children’s speech by picking up elements of the child’s primitive language and playing it back to him in an expanded form. it is difficult to overestimate the importance of this continuous and intimate interaction of mother and child for the development of sensitive empathetic responsiveness to others which … Read more