The Surprising Link Between Pain and Immune Defense

Number of words: 423 A recent discovery revealed that pain-sensing nerves help fight skin infections and prevent its spread, suggesting a new type of immunity. “These pain-sensing nerves can detect pathogens, and for the first time, we’ve shown that they activate an immune response and also signal protective immunity in sites adjacent to the infection. … Read more

Unpacking the Historical Significance of Defoe’s Proposals

Number of words: 2,282 In February 1719, two months before the publication of Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe proposed in the Weekly Journal that the South Sea Company – founded just eight years earlier to manage the national debt and awarded a contract to supply the Spanish colonies in Latin America with several thousand African slaves … Read more

The Legacy of Total War in the 21st Century

Number of words: 209 Though incompatible, the global economy and total war are both children of this century. The strategic goal in traditional warfare, in Clausewitz’s famous phrase, was “to destroy the enemy’s fighting forces.” War was to be waged against the enemy’s soldiers. It was not supposed to be waged against enemy civilians and … Read more

Rethinking Investment: The Power Law Beyond Finance

Number of words: 506 The power law is not just important to investors; rather, it’s important to everybody because everybody is an investor. An entrepreneur makes a major investment just by spending her time working on a startup. Therefore every entrepreneur must think about whether her company is going to succeed and become valuable. Every … Read more

The Impact of Skewed Returns on Investment Strategies

Number of words: 164 Our results at Founders Fund illustrate this skewed pattern: Facebook, the best investment in our 2005 fund, returned more than all the others combined. Palantir, the second-best investment, is set to return more than the sum of every other investment aside from Facebook. This highly uneven pattern is not unusual: we … Read more